Cliques And Its Effect On Society - 1341 Words

It has always been curious to me as to why cliques begin forming in adolescence and then become so important to us for the rest of our lives. Cliques make many parents, including myself, feel uncomfortable when thinking about our own children. This is because this word has a connotation of creating a separation between the â€Å"cool kids† and the â€Å"losers.† As a parent I would like to think that children are always kind and understanding with each other, but whether I like it or not, cliques begin forming early on and unfortunately for some, lead to feelings of being ostracized. This leads me to question what drives the formation of cliques and how early on in our lives do these driving forces begin the process. Friendships form based on the tendency to associate with individuals who we share many similarities with. Cliques begin forming as children when we choose friends who are similar to us. Friends then influence each other and result in them becoming more alike as the friendships develop over time. Studies have also shown that cliques are beginning to form earlier with the emergence of daycares and children being socialized at younger ages (NICHD, 2006). In my personal experience working in a daycare, it was evident that kids began grouping themselves based on age and genders but mutual interests would begin to form which solidified the friendships. It would make sense then that this behavior would then transfer over into elementary school and progress to become moreShow MoreRelatedThe, Freaks, And The Non Elites Essay1416 Words   |  6 Pages Geeks, Freaks, and the Rest of the Non-Elites Who are the geeks, freaks, and the non-elites? In every high school there is social stratification and social cliques. Social stratification is the division of society according to rank, class, or caste [See Figure 1.]. Orientation toward peers and immersion in friendships are defining features of adolescence . â€Å"Through friendships, adolescents learn about what others are doing, anticipate accepted and expected behaviors, figure out how to presentRead More The Effect of Cliques on High School Students Essay examples1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effect of Cliques on High School Students Most college freshman can still vividly remember their high school days. These days included ruling the school as seniors, or running from the seniors as lowly ninth graders. These days included having lunch with friends, and gossiping in the hallways between classes. Whatever was done, it was usually done with a friend or a group of friends. Most of these groups can be considered cliques. Cliques are groups where there is some kind of commonRead MoreTeen Delinquency And Its Effects On Society963 Words   |  4 PagesIn modern society juvenile delinquency has been an issue engaged in by minors. More and more adolescents are committing delinquent crimes. Delinquency can be seen as the direct result of negative affective states. Gangs are a group of youths who collectively engage in delinquent behavior. Peer groups can provide a lot of social and emotional support for anti-social activities. Peer relations, in all cultures have been linked to adolescent behavior choices including substance abuse and delinquencyRead MoreEssay on Adolescent Development in Mean Girls1402 Words   |  6 Pagesschool system. During her first week of school Cady becomes friends with two people in one of her classes named Janis and Damien, who unbeknownst to her are a part of the outcast crowd. They convince her to befriend â€Å"The Plastics† who are a well-known clique of girls, beca use it would be fun to see what their lives are like on the other side that people don’t see. She goes along with this plan and quickly her life begins to change. On the first day of school Cady enters the cafeteria during lunch andRead MoreEssay Deviance is Relative1566 Words   |  7 Pages Counter-stereotypical behavior may be viewed as acts of deviance; Phelan and Rudman defined backlash effects as â€Å"social and economic penalties for counter-stereotypical behavior† (2008). Phelan and Rudman concluded â€Å"When stereotypes are violated, people take notice.† I have seen people take notice of two men holding hands. Phelan, J. E., and Rudman, L. A. provided a few examples of the effects of deviance. A particular female puffing on a cylindrical roll of tobacco sticks out like a sore thumbRead MoreWilliam Damon Is An Educator / Researcher On Psychology And Education1597 Words   |  7 Pagesbuilt. Regardless of age cliques and crowds always develop among children and adults. A clique is a group of member that share common interests, often are of the same gender. The members of the group are often labeled or stereotyped. Cr owds are very similar to cliques, both shape the minds of children on how they should act or how they should be. Both add pressure to adolescents under peer pressure such as drinking, smoking, skipping school, or sex in order to fit it. Cliques and crowds develop as aRead MoreLet Teen Agers Try Adulthood1273 Words   |  6 Pagesto the learning they gained in school but to the harsh realities they faced once they moved into adulthood. Although Botstein highlights the various problems faced by students in high school but to effect change he needs to gain the support of the parents, in addition to wealth. The only way to effect change in the American school system is to be driven by both the student’s parents and the individuals that can influence the school board. The social issue Botstein is addressing and trying to solveRead MoreEssay about The Breakfest Club683 Words   |  3 Pagesof the characteristics and themes she has described in the article: suburban setting, vague social concerns, high school cliques, uncaring parents, characters wearing the latest fashions and top 40 soundtrack music have been proven true in The Breakfast Club. The movie has a suburban setting inside a high school, and the characters each belong to one of the high school cliques: freak, princess, bully, jock and geek. At the very beginning of the movie when the characters are introduced, each of themRead MoreThe Core Goal Of Villanova University939 Words   |  4 PagesThe core goal of Villanova University, in essence any university, is to cheaply produce critical thinkers while making money at the same time. Unfortunately for students, this process is not in their favor. In an increasingly capitalistic society, universities have gradually evolved into businesses. An example of this â€Å"corporatization of the academy† is the adjunct professor. Through no fault of their own, adjuncts have become pawns in a money making process which inevitably harms the students byRead MoreThe Cause and Effect of Joining a Gang with reference to Mara Salvatrucha 131200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cause and Effect of Joining a Gang with reference to M ara Salvatrucha 13 According to the Cambridge Dictionary (n.d.), a gang is defined as, â€Å"a group of criminals that work together.† Gangs are a powerful force that is a constant threat against society. As of 2011, the National Gang Center (n.d.) estimates there to be 782,500 gang members in the United States alone. Mara Salvatrucha 13, also known as MS-13, is one of the biggest and most threatening gangs. The High Intensity Drug Trafficking

Major Trends in Bank Management Free Essays

The banking industry of the United States has experienced tremendous changes over the past few decades.   Regulation has had to keep up with the times, of course.   The three major changes that the banks of America have worked around in recent decades have required regulatory transformations in order to increase the profits of the banks and at the same time to make banking a more convenient facility on offer to the consumers, investors, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Trends in Bank Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Banks have merged and also ventured into the provision of nontraditional banking services to increase their revenues. An example of added convenience that the recent changes in the industry have brought about is the growing number of American banks in foreign countries.   Seeing that globalization has shifted a large number of American businesses into foreign markets as multinational corporations, the wisdom behind opening American banks in the self same foreign markets is apparent.   As a matter of fact, besides consolidation and the provision of nontraditional banking services, globalization is the third major trend that has faced the banking industry of the United States especially in the latter half of the twentieth century. The McFadden Act of 1927 was an enemy of the expansion of U.S. banks.   By prohibiting banks from expanding across state lines, this Act was not only a barrier to competition but was also responsible for the establishment of a huge number of small banks with little to show in terms of assets.   Thanks to the loopholes that McFadden carried along, the Act was eventually repealed, but only after the states of America began to allow their banks to branch across state lines.   It was in 1975 that the state of Maine first allowed interstate branching unto its bank holding companies.   Other states of America developed their own banking regulations to the same effect, eventually to rule out the McFadden Act, which was actually replaced by the  Congress in the year 1994 when the Riegel-Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act was passed. This new legislation allowed all U.S. banks to branch across state lines.   Consequently, there were important bank mergers that reduced the number of banks in the country, but did not decrease the number of physical banks or branches sprawled across the United States.   Many of the physical banks or branches of banks remained under the supervision of the big, merged banks.   Although economists believe that the big, merged banks should be experiencing economies of scale in addition to economies of scope, there is no evidence yet to suggest that the consolidated banks of America have indeed experienced economies of scale and scope.   At the same time, it has been shown that bank mergers have the capacity to check inefficiency.   When an efficient bank takes over an inefficient bank that did not fare too well during the McFadden days; there are obvious quality improvement implications. The second major trend that the banking industry of the U.S. experienced especially in the latter half of the twentieth century was concerned with the provision of nontraditional banking services.   Given that banks are functioning for the sake of profits – anything that threatens a source of bank revenue must be replaced by a different revenue source and the changes backed by regulation.   The Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 was an obstruction to the revenue generating function of U.S. banks. This Act prohibited banks from venturing forth into investment markets, allowing the financial markets alone to enjoy the blessings of the large corporate loans business.   Another loss facing the banks of the nation was a new regulatory requirement introduced during the 1980s making it mandatory for banks to keep a specified minimum ratio of equity capital to total assets. Fortunately, however, during the 1960s, the banks of the United States had already  begun to publicly decry the Glass-Steagall Act, ultimately to have it repealed and replaced by the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999.   Subsequently, today’s banks are permitted to provide a variety of nontraditional banking services, including interest rate swaps, financial futures, and financial options; and thereby increase their revenues.   Increases in bank profits are expected to lead to quality improvements also in the traditional banking areas. In addition to the above, the banks of the U.S., especially since the last two decades of the twentieth century, have increasingly assumed the responsibilities of globalization.   The Edge Act of 1919 had granted express permission to American banks to establish their subsidiaries abroad in order to ease the functioning of international business.   Even so, there were only eight U.S. banks with foreign branches until the 1960s. Today, there are more than one hundred U.S. banks with foreign branches – all making it easy especially for American businesses in foreign countries to transact with them.   As globalization has replaced the Cold War era in a period of unprecedented integration among markets and economies, a great number of foreign banks have also opened their branches in the United States.   These foreign banks in the U.S. were by and large unregulated until the year 1978.   The International Banking Act of 1978 changed this to mandate that all foreign banks must also be regulated like the local (American) banks in the country. Even though globalization arrived full-fledged at the banking industry during the last two decades of the twentieth century, its signs had begun to appear as early as 1960s.   During that time, the Regulation Q, putting a ceiling on interest rates in the United States, had compelled a huge number of investors to move into European markets where regulations were relatively  relaxed.   Eurodollars were created when the U.S. dollars began to move out of their home country to be deposited into and borrowed from banks that were outside the country. The Eurobond market, for long-term investment, was similarly created outside the United States, albeit committed to transactions in U.S. dollars in countries where regulations were more relaxed than in the U.S.   These countries were not just in Europe, however.   The Bahamas and the Caymans, for example, played an active role in the Euromarket because of little or no regulation as well as nearly zero taxation. The most recent development in the banking industry in the area of globalization has been the permission granted by Federal Reserve for the establishment of International Banking Facilities.   Allowed since 1981, these special facilities are based in the U.S. and largely unregulated.   The only condition that these International Banking Facilities are required to meet is twofold: (1) International Banking Facilities should only deposit money that comes to them from outside the United States; and (2) They must only lend to borrowers that are based abroad.   American multinational corporations in foreign countries may also avail the services of International Banking Facilities.     This kind of departmentalization in terms of the sources and uses of funds is meant to add to the convenience of banking.   Furthermore, the creation of International Banking Facilities, plus the changes that the banking industry has experienced in terms of consolidation and the provision of nontraditional banking services; proffer evidence that the regulatory agencies are in fact committed to the improvement of business in general.    How to cite Major Trends in Bank Management, Essay examples

Marketing Communications Plan of Woolworth Samples for Students

Question: Prepare a Marketing Communications Plan for Selected Organization. Answer: Introduction Marketing communication planning is important for marketing managers when developing marketing strategies(Hossen, 2015). The plan enables organizations to exploit opportunities, reinforce a brand, and focus on new markets. The retail market in Australia is currently characterized with intense competition and changes in business environment. Some of the big supermarkets in Australia like Jewel food stores, Welcome Mart, Sims Supermarket, and Woolworth are employing marketing strategies in order to maintain and compete in the market. One of the marketing strategies employed by the stores is developing a marketing communication plan(Westwood, 2016). This paper will focus on creating a marketing communication plan for Woolworth supermarket. Background of Woolworth supermarket Woolworth supermarket is one of the largest retail supermarkets in Australia known for supply of fresh vegetables, fruits and meat. The retail store enjoys the largest market share of about 64% with over 961 stores across the country. The service provision is depended upon 111000 employees located in different support offices, stores and distribution centers. It is reported that 96% of fresh produce from farmers is supplied to Woolworth. Recent financial report of 2016 showed increases of profits of about AUD 2.2 million across its stores. One notable statistics from the report was that 2% of the revenue originated from special orders from the countries Japan and China. Sales record of 2016 showed that the dominant product purchased in the two countries were meat produce(Vu, 2016). That has prompted the Woolworth management to rethink on the marketing strategy of the two emerging markets. Woolworth supermarket marketing objectives Woolworth development of marketing communication plan will be guided by the following objectives: To increase the market share from 64% to 74% through penetration of new markets within a period of 12 months. To develop a meat produce brand suitable for the new markets within a period of 12 months. Marketing segmentation Segmentation of the market is important when focusing to meet customer needs or wants(Blakeman, 2014). The study will review four types of market segmentation which include demographic, geographical, behavioral, and psycho-graphic segmentations. Segmentation will be done by Woolworth supermarket in order to identify the target, positioning, creative and media strategy to employ. Demographic segmentation The current business environment in Australia is characterized by an increase in the number of old citizens and different types of occupations. Market survey conducted by R D team of the retail store showed 66.7% of sales originated from customers aged between 50-75 years. Sales data showed that the company made more sales from ready to eat meat produce which was attributed to the working class. Woolworth supermarket will need to repackage the meat produce in order to meet the customer needs and wants. Geographical segmentation Woolworth supermarket customers are located in different locations including cities, states and countries. Financial records of 2016 showed that there was an increase in sales originating from new markets of China and Japan. To serve the varying needs of this customers the store will distributing and exporting meat produce to new markets. Exports will be done to new countries like China and Japan. Psycho-graphic segmentation Over the years Woolworth supermarket meat produce have been known to be of higher quality. Woolworth supermarket customer feedback report showed that majority of the country citizens is happy with company meat products because of its cultural heritage identification(Vu, 2016). The retail store will continue maintaining value by producing fresh meat produce that will be consistent with Aboriginal culture and lifestyle. Behavioral segmentation The Australian consumers have higher regards on their nutritional status(Vu, 2016). The sales data from retail store show that there are more purchases of good when the items are delivered in comparison to non-delivery days. They wish to continue consuming fresh produce from the right source. Products produced by the retail store will be served fresh as per the needs of the consumers. Target strategy Through the various markets segmentation and financial data reported for the retail store to achieve the intended objectives the target strategy it will focus on demographic and geographical segmentation. The two types of segments provide data useful to justify the intended target population. In order to capture new markets and customers strategies should focus on penetrating new markets like China and Japan, and increasing sales to the older consumers. Positioning strategy In order to position well in the new markets and be able to meet the target population needs positioning strategies of market penetration will be employed(Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P., 2014). The meat produce for this specific target group will be differentiated to capture their needs. Product customization with the target population culture will be done to increase identification and ownership. More salesperson will be employed to ensure availability of meat produce to the older target population. Creative strategy To boost more sales in both new market product innovation strategies and purchasing strategies will be employed(Baker, 2014). The use of logistics management will be employed to reduce costs which will reduce prices and attract more customers sensitive to prices. Better software aided application for electronic gadgets will be developed in order to increase customer convenience when making orders and payments. Media strategy Woolworth supermarket media strategy is to ensure that product characteristics and uniqueness is communicated to the targeted population(Royle, J Laing, A, 2014). The strategy involves proper marketing techniques and methods in order information reaches the targeted audiences(Blakeman, 2014). Media planning Media planning of Woolworth meat products will begin by mapping process. The process involves identification of customer needs, accessibility and effective means of communication. The planning process will also be guided by other characteristics like the ethical considerations and the exiting institutional policies. The justification of the media channel will be based on appropriateness and availability of resources(Team, B., Schori, A., MacLean, M., Shipe, J., Wickenkamp, A., Wehr, A., 2014). The planning will involve members from different units within the organization. Traditional media Woolworth supermarket will be employing the use of public relation officers and salesperson to market the meat produce. The two traditional media channels were chosen because they provide immediate feedback when dealing with new markets. They provide the suitable direct means in which the business can interact with the customers effectively and efficiently. Internet Changes in technology as prompted business organization to employ internet in business operations(Blakeman, 2014). For the targeted customers located in other countries the internet (website) will provide a better media channel to communicate, advertise, order, and review Woolworth products. Digital To increase self-service convenience and comfort Woolworth will design electronic aided application specifically for the retail store. The application will facilitate ordering, payment, and feedback process. The digital media will help capture a number of new customers. Media scheduling Media strategy will be executed by Woolworth by having a media execution plan. Table 1shows a summary of media plan. Table 1 Media plan schedule Events Time schedule Preparation of marketing plan materials 4th may 2017 to 10th June 2017 Development of marketing application software 15th to 25th June 2017 Market communication with China markets 1th July to 1st August 2017 Market communication with Japan markets 10th Sep 2017 to 1st Nov 2017 Public relations salesmanship visits 15th Nov 2017 to 20th Nov 2017 Review and reporting 1st Jan 2017 to 15th Jan 2017 Marketing budget Market budget is important component in ensuring market deliverables are achieved effectively(Parente, D. Strausbaugh, R, Hutchinson,K, 2014). Table 2 shows a summary of the budget. Table 2 Market budget Items Cost (AUD) Stationery 500.00 Transport 5000.00 Sales persons wages (3months) 1000.00 Media materials (assorted) 3500.00 Advertising costs 2000.00 Public address hiring 500.00 Permits 1000.00 Branded materials 2500.00 Call charges 200.00 Miscellaneous expenses 1700.00 Totals 17900.00 Evaluation and control Information obtained from internal and external information systems will be analyzed and compared with planned schedules. Data from the field will originate from sales forecasts, revenue estimates, salespersons records, financial records which will be analyzed to aid in decision making. Monitoring of the entire process will be done continuously but evaluation will be done periodically. The analyzed data will provide an avenue for decision making through evaluations and control mechanisms(Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N. D., Wells, W. D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L., Spence-Stone, R. (2014), 2014). Conclusion Marketing communication planning is an important component in ensuring that the right products and services are provided. The marketing communication will be useful to Woolworth supermarket in achieving the intended objectives. It will help them choose the suitable strategies to employ to meet the required targets. The meat product promotion will enable them to increase their revenues and market share to the intended audiences both locally and internationally. If the plan is backed up with the required support it provides a useful tool that marketing managers can use. The plan provides suitable strategies, techniques, tools and media channels that marketing personnels can use to ensure they communicate with customers. References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Stenburg : Pearson Australia. Baker, M. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. New York: Palgrave Macmillan . Blakeman, R. (2014). Intergrated marketing communication: creative strategy idea to implementation. New Delhi: Rowman Littlefield. Hossen, s. (2015). Marketing management: a relationship approach. New York: Pearson Education . Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N. D., Wells, W. D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L., Spence-Stone, R. (2014). (2014). Advertising: principles and practice. Strowburg : Pearson Australia. Parente, D. Strausbaugh, R, Hutchinson,K. (2014). Advertising campaign strategy: Aguide to marketing communication plans. Chicago: Cengage Learning. Royle, J Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: developing a digital marketer model for the communication industries. International journal of information management, 34(2), 65-73. Team, B., Schori, A., MacLean, M., Shipe, J., Wickenkamp, A., Wehr, A. (2014). Intergrated marketing communication plan. Bahmuda : Cengage publishers. Vu, T. (2016). A B2B digital marketing communication plan. Chicago: Machinery and informatics technology. Westwood, J. (2016). How to write a marketing plan. New York: Kogan Page Publishers.

The Young Offenders Act - The Truth Essays - Criminology

The Young Offenders Act - The Truth? This essay was written to show the advantages and disadvantages of the Young Offenders Act over the previous Juvenile Delinquents Act. Also it should give a theoretical understanding of the current Canadian Juvenile-Justice system, the act and it's implications and the effects of the young offenders needs and mental health on the outcome of the trials. In the interest of society the young offenders act was brought forth on april second 1984. This act was created to ensure the rights and the needs of a young person. Alan W. Leshied says "On one hand the justice and legal objectives of the act are being effectively realized while on the other hand the needs and treatment aspects of it leave much to be desired." The research of the Young offenders act is still ongoing but Leshied says that it is becoming clear that the custody positions have been in dispute since the act came into effect. The old Juvenile delinquency act states in section 38 "The care and custody and discipline of a juvenile delinquent shall approximate as nearly as maybe that which should be given by his parents, and... as far as practability every juvenile delinquent shall be treated, not as a criminal, but as a misguided and misdirected child . . . needing aid, encouragement, help and assistance."(Page 72) If a youth is close to the adult age of 18 years they could be transfered to the adult justice system. This means that they would be given the same sentences as an adult including and up to life in prison. Many people have tried to correct this problem that they see as a weakness. Yet, so far their attempts have failed. Another weakness they find, is that the courts are expensive and unsatisfactory methods of dealing with crime that is not very serious. Before the fabrication of legal aid most young offenders were not able to obtain legal services. "Subsection 11 (4) provides that, were a young person wishes to obtain counsel but is not able to do so, the youth-court judge shall refer the young person to the provincial legal-aid, or assistance program. If no such program is available or the young person is unable to obtain counsel through an available program, the youth court judge may, and on the request of the young person shall direct the young person to be represented by counsel." To establish a relationship between the young offender and the lawyer, thew lawyer must be able to receive instructions from his/her client. Usually there is little difficulty either receiving or carrieing out the instructions of his/her client. Special problems can arise when the client is a young person. The problems faced by this, is the young person may not be able to communicate with counsel. While the lawyer and young person need not a specific statement for the client as to a preferred outcome it should take form of a general expression of the client's feelings or attitudes in the major issues of the precedings the young person must be able to make decisions that may hold significant repercussions. Mental health of the young offender can also be a problem. Currently this issue is not addressed in the Young Offenders Act, before the mental health act can be enacted, extremely dangerous behaviour must be displayed. Before the age of 16 they are sometimes placed in hospitals for a short time under the authority of the legal guardians.

Free Essays on Parenting In Frankenstein And Ghosts

Parenting is an on going theme in all stories; it is the very thing that defines a character. Whether it is good, bad, or no parenting at all it remains an issue and is what shapes and builds a character through the transition from childhood to adulthood. Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein and Henrik Ibsen’s, Ghosts, although share parenting as a theme, both have very distinct ways parenting is approached in each story. In Frankenstein there is a lack of good parenting from both mother and father. Although it is shown that Caroline, Victor’s mother, and Alphonse, Victor’s father are protective and caring parents it also shows the flaws of being too extreme. The Family is very open, close, and functional. Victor’s parents have created a fantasy world for him. A world where he can do no wrong and have what he desires. Caroline has the stronger relationship with Victor out of the parents. She is the one he turns too when needed and she seems to be the one who has the most influence in the decisions for Victor. For example when the Frankenstein family adopts Elizabeth without the consent of Alphonse. It is not till after Caroline does all that he becomes aware of the situation. It seems as if Alphonse has no other choice but to except the decision Caroline has made. This is also a perfect example on how Victor is raised in a fantasy world; the adoption of Elizabeth is a present to Victor. It is Caroline’s plan for the marriage of Victor and Elisabeth and it is not till her death that she reveals it to them. On her deathbed the fortitude and benignity of this best of women did not desert her. She joined the hands of Elizabeth and myself: my firmest hopes 3 of the future happiness were placed on the prospect of your union (Shelley, 49). Alphonse however has a weaker relationship. It is said that he was very caring also but nothing as far as being extreme. He was Honorable and well respected man who gave up his career to rai... Free Essays on Parenting In Frankenstein And Ghosts Free Essays on Parenting In Frankenstein And Ghosts Parenting is an on going theme in all stories; it is the very thing that defines a character. Whether it is good, bad, or no parenting at all it remains an issue and is what shapes and builds a character through the transition from childhood to adulthood. Mary Shelley’s, Frankenstein and Henrik Ibsen’s, Ghosts, although share parenting as a theme, both have very distinct ways parenting is approached in each story. In Frankenstein there is a lack of good parenting from both mother and father. Although it is shown that Caroline, Victor’s mother, and Alphonse, Victor’s father are protective and caring parents it also shows the flaws of being too extreme. The Family is very open, close, and functional. Victor’s parents have created a fantasy world for him. A world where he can do no wrong and have what he desires. Caroline has the stronger relationship with Victor out of the parents. She is the one he turns too when needed and she seems to be the one who has the most influence in the decisions for Victor. For example when the Frankenstein family adopts Elizabeth without the consent of Alphonse. It is not till after Caroline does all that he becomes aware of the situation. It seems as if Alphonse has no other choice but to except the decision Caroline has made. This is also a perfect example on how Victor is raised in a fantasy world; the adoption of Elizabeth is a present to Victor. It is Caroline’s plan for the marriage of Victor and Elisabeth and it is not till her death that she reveals it to them. On her deathbed the fortitude and benignity of this best of women did not desert her. She joined the hands of Elizabeth and myself: my firmest hopes 3 of the future happiness were placed on the prospect of your union (Shelley, 49). Alphonse however has a weaker relationship. It is said that he was very caring also but nothing as far as being extreme. He was Honorable and well respected man who gave up his career to rai...

Spanish Nouns of Ambiguous Gender

Spanish Nouns of Ambiguous Gender Nearly all nouns in Spanish can be placed in one of two categories - masculine and feminine. However, there are some words of ambiguous gender that dont fit quite so neatly. Of course, some words, such as names of many occupations, are masculine when they refer to men and feminine when they refer to women, as in el dentista for the male dentist and la dentista for the female dentist. And there are some nouns whose meanings vary with gender., such as el cometa (comet) and la cometa (kite). However, there are also words that, for whatever reason, havent been firmly established as being of one gender or the other. List of Common Gender-Ambiguous Nouns Following are the most common of these words. Where just el or la appears before the word, it is the gender that is viewed most widely as correct, and the gender that should be learned by foreigners. Where both appear, either gender is widely accepted, although the most commonly used gender is listed first. Where no gender is listed, the usage depends on region. la acnà © - acne el anatema - anathema el arte - art - The masculine is used when arte is singular, but the feminine is often used in the plural, as in artes bellas (fine arts). el autoclave - sterilizer el azà ºcar - sugar - Although azà ºcar is a masculine word when standing alone, it is often used with feminine adjectives, as in azà ºcar blanca (white sugar). la babel - bedlam el calor - heat - The feminine form is archaic. la/el chinche - small insect el cochambre - dirt el color - color - The feminine form is archaic. el cutis - complexion la dote - talent la/el dracma - drachma (former unit of Greek currency) la duermevela - brief, light, or interrupted sleep - Compound nouns formed by joining a third-person verb and a noun are nearly always masculine. However, the ending apparently has influenced usage of this word toward the feminine. el enema - enema los herpes - herpes la/el Internet - Internet - The general rule is that nouns imported from other languages are masculine unless theres a reason for making them feminine. In this case, the feminine is often used because the word for a computer network (red) is feminine. el interrogante - question la Januc - Hanukkah - Unlike the names of most holidays, Januc is usually used without a definite article. el/la lente, los/las lentes - lens, glasses la libido - libido - Some authorities say that libido and mano (hand) are the only Spanish nouns ending in -o, other than shortened forms of longer words (such as foto for fotografà ­a and disco for discoteca, or occupational words, such as la piloto for a female pilot), that are feminine. However, libido  is often treated as masculine. la/el linde - boundary el mar - sea - Mar is usually masculine, but it becomes feminine in some weather and nautical usages (such as en alta mar, on the high seas). el/la maratà ³n - marathon - Dictionaries list maratà ³n as masculine, but feminine usage is almost as common, perhaps because maratà ³n is associated so closely with carrera (competitive race), which is feminine. el/la mimbre - willow la/el pelambre - thick hair el/la prez - esteem, honor la/el pringue - grease radio - radio - When it means radius or radium, radio is invariably masculine. When it means radio, it is feminine in some areas (such as Spain), masculine in others (such as Mexico). el reuma - rheumatism sartà ©n - frying pan - The word is masculine in Spain, feminine in much of Latin America. la testuz - forehead of an animal la tilde - tilde, accent mark el tizne - soot, stain el tortà ­colis - stiff neck la treponema - type of bacteria - Like some other words of limited medical usage, this word is feminine according to dictionaries but usually masculine in actual use. el trà ­pode - tripod la/el vodka - vodka la/el web - web page, web site, World Wide Web - This word may have entered the language as a shorter form of la pgina web (web page), or it may be feminine because red (another word for the Web, or a computer network in general) is feminine. el yoga - yoga - Dictionaries list the word as masculine, but the ending has led to some feminine usage. Key Takeaways A few dozen Spanish nouns are of ambiguous gender, meaning they can be either masculine or feminine without any difference in meaning.The nouns of ambiguous gender are distinguished from nouns of variable gender, whose genders vary with meaning or whether the noun refers to a male or female.A disproportionate number of the gender-ambiguous nouns are words with primarily scientific, technical, or medical usage.

Finance for non finance managers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Finance for non finance managers - Assignment Example 40 million from the debt market. Using debt to run the business has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Debt is a low cost capital. Using debt the company does not have to pay tax on it. Hence the company will have to pay less tax overall. Using debt the Earning per share of the company fluctuates more than using only equity as the source of capital. Hence during good times the Earning per share of the company will rise much higher than when the company use only equity (Tuller, 2007, p. 211). This satisfies the shareholders as they will get more in return. Hence they will always want some portion of the capital to be raised as debt. Again using debt the company don’t have to share the ownership rights with the shareholders. They don’t have to go back to the shareholders each time they need to take an important decision. All they want is to get fixed return on the investment that they have made. Again the lenders don’t have any claim on the future earnin gs. Furthermore if a debt can be paid on time, then the credit rating of the business will improve and they will readily get finance easily from the market next time they went to any financial institutions for loan. Disadvantages The company has to make regular monthly payment of instalment and interest. Barnet Solutions is going to expand in the European market for the first time. ... 176). Hence it is like a double edged sword. If the economy in the European market deteriorates the Earning per share of the company will fall down drastically. The shareholder then may ask tough questions to the management regarding their decision making process. Pure Equity The company can use Equity as the source of fund. Advantages Using Equity the company can avoid the hassle of going through the long process of applying for loan. It takes more time to raise debt than equity. It is less risky than a loan because the company will not have to pay back the obligation if they cannot afford it. The company can easily tap into its investors’ network and add more credibility to the business. The investors here takes a long term view and don’t expect and immediate return. The company also don’t need to payback if the business fails (Mason, 2010, p. 212). Disadvantages The investors can demand returns more than the interest rate the company will have to pay for debt. The investors also will require ownership of the company. They have to be consulted before making any big decision. It also takes time and effort to find the right investors for the company. Period 2012 2011 D/E 1.18 0.92 The standard Debt-equity ratio of any company is 2:1. Hence it is advisable for the company to raise fund through both debt and equity. The company can go 80:20 ratio of raising the money from the market with the majority being debt and other being equity. Hence the company can raise ? 32 million from the debt market and ? 8 million from the equity market. After using the above capital the debt equity ratio will become Period 2012 2011 D/E 1.28 1.04 This shows that the company will be well within the standards limits of the Debt-Equity ratio. Answer 2 The

Health care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health care - Essay Example A concept entailing a well designed marketing offers guidance to the development of comprehensive marketing initiatives, which assists in attracting individualized markets. The target market of health care organizations comprises of group of customers through their services and goods. This creates the need for a good strategy, and the target market is evaluated the well thought-out in order to develop a plan for targeting surrounding community. Therefore, health care organizations position themselves in a way that separates themselves from the competitors. In this case, heath care organizations offer the similar services and products, thus by providing unique services the organization leads attraction of new customer’s base and development of a substantial relationship between customers and organization. Moreover, the organization target market is considered unique through the services and products that they offer in order to attract new customers. Competitive health care indu stry requires a periodic examination of products and services in order to ensure that the products and services offered to the patients are of high quality. ... The hospitals have also been conducting periodic surveys in order to identify target segment within a certain area. The hospitals provide unique services in order to part themselves from the competitors. On the other hand, there is a need to understand the fundamental dimensions of differentiation and position in order to explore the marketing strategies of Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic. According to Spencera, Joinerb and Salmonc (2009), differentiation relates to the process of adding a set of substantial differences that are valued by customers in a way that can distinguish the organization products and services from competitors’ offerings. Therefore, the health care institution differentiate their market through offering an along five dimensions, which include; products, services, channels, image and personnel. However, services dimensions in health care field are significant through the relations between the employees and patients. In this case, a positive experie nce concerning the employees and patients can create the difference of one hospital from the competitors. The hospital applies a well-planned marketing and branding tactic in order to establish a course of action for the maturity of effective marketing campaign. Moreover, they have marketing and branding strategies, which are key components of consideration through the development of their marketing plan. Cleveland Clinic and CVS Minute Clinic have an approach that offers incentives for the process of expansion through marketing initiatives, which attract distinguished market. Therefore, they are able to offer services that are desired by a certain group of consumers in the target market. The target customer refers to people who have a high likelihood

Licensure and Certification Requirements in the State of Florida Essay Example for Free

Licensure and Certification Requirements in the State of Florida Essay [emailprotected]: Dr. Darlene DanekerAbstract This paper will discuss the licensure and certification requirements for the state of Florida for mental health counselors. It will discuss whether a mental health counselor needs to; hold a license, credential, certification, or some other designation to practice independently as a professional counselor, it will define the laws that regulate and impact the credentialing, certification, and/or licensing of counseling professionals working within mental health counseling, and it will discuss three key content areas that are included in your state laws as they relate to professionals in mental health counseling. Licensure and Certification Requirements in the State of Florida for Mental Health Counselors This paper will discuss the licensure and certification requirements for the state of Florida for mental health counselors. It will discuss whether a mental health counselor needs to; hold a license, credential, certification, or some other designation to practice independently as a professional counselor, it will define the laws that regulate and impact the credentialing, certification, and/or licensing of counseling professionals working within mental health counseling and it will discuss key content areas of; educational requirements, fieldwork and supervision requirements, licensure requirements, specific required examination requirements, and continuing education that are included in Florida state laws as they relate to professionals in mental health counseling. In order to practice mental health counseling in the state of Florida it is a requirement to hold a license for mental health counseling In order to receive such license one must have completed the application for mental health counselor, taken, and passed the National Clinical Mental Health Counseling Examination. However, before endeavoring  on the path of licensure one must also have taken required courses within their graduate program which include (1) Counseling Theories and Practice, (2) Human Growth and Development, (3) Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychopathology, (4) Human Sexuality, (5) Group Theories and Practice, (6) Individual Evaluation and Assessment, (7) Career and Lifestyle Assessment, (8) Research and Program Evaluation, (9) Social and Cultural Foundations, (10) Counseling in Community Settings, (11) Substance Abuse, and (12) Legal, Ethical, and Professional Standards Issues. In addition, the graduate program for which one hales from must be accredited by the Council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP); carrying a minimum of sixty semester hours in the areas listed above or a minimum of eighty quarter hours of clinical and didactic instruction, including a course in human sexuality and substance abuse CITATION Flo131 \l 1033 (Department, 2013). Fieldwork and supervision are also a requirement of the laws in order to be licensed in Florida; one must have the â€Å"equivalent of at least 1,000 hours of university-sponsored supervised clinical practicum, internship, or field experience as required in the standards for CACREP accredited mental health counseling programs† CITATION Flo131 \l 1033 (Department, 2013). The state of Florida strictly follows the CACREP accreditation practices for licensure acceptance. In addition, the requirement for two years of post-master’s supervised experienced under the supervision of a licensed mental health counselor or equivalent who is deemed qualified by the Florida Board of Professional Regulations and the â€Å"supervision experience must have consisted of at least 1,500 hours providing psychotherapy face-to-face with clients for the profession for which licensure is sought† CITATION Flo131 \l 1033 (Department, 2013). Finally, the applicant must pass the national clinical mental health counseling examination (NCMHCE) developed by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC), and complete an eight-hour laws and rules course from an approved provider, complete a two-hour prevention of medical errors course from an approved provider, complete a three-hour course on human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome within six months of licensure, and complete a two hour domestic violence course from a board approved provider within six months of licensure. The state of  Florida requires its licensed Mental Health Counselors to continue their education on a bi-yearly basis. In order to follow this guideline one must; Licensees must complete 30 hours of approved continuing education (CE) within the two year licensure period (biennium) to include the following: a two hour course relating to prevention of medical errors, a three hour course in ethics and boundary issues, a two h ours of CE on domestic violence must be completed every third biennial licensure renewal period. These two hours shall be part of the 30 hours otherwise required for each biennial licensure renewal, and may be taken at any time during the six years preceding the renewal for the biennial in which the credit is due CITATION Flo132 \l 1033 (Statue, 2013). In order to remain current in all aspects of licensure requirements one must know their renewal date, know their biennial date and the clear and precise steps to timely complete the process in which one is expected. Florida offers a concierge system to track continuing education mandated courses. Utilizing this and an organizational calendar will allow one to keep up with their requirements. Staying apprised of legislation through the state of Florida medical quality assurance website will allow one to be updated as well as sign up for emails that will trigger one to review new laws and legislation regarding their licensure. References BIBLIOGRAPHY \l 1033 Department, F. H. (2013, August 24). To be licensed as a Mental Health Counselor in Florida. Tallahassee, Florida, United States. Florida, C. (2013, July 20). Clinical Social Work, Marriage Family Therapy Mental Health Counseling Statutes and Rules. Retrieved from Florida Department of Health: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/mqa/491/soc_statutes.html Statue, F. (2013, August 24). Continuing Education. Tallahassee, Florida, United States http://doh.state.fl.us/mqa/continuingeducation/ce_licenseeinfo.html.

Mass Revolt Essay -- Literary Analysis, Ortega y Gassett

Europe led the world in almost every aspect of culture leading up to the second decade of the nineteenth century. At that time, it entered into a barbaric war that swept away the illusion of progress and optimism. The majority of citizens living in Europe after the First World War possessed a dismal outlook for the future. The war broke the illusion of prosperity and growth that Europe was under. In reality, growth had died with the modernization of culture as Ortega y Gassett proposes in his novel Revolt of the Masses. The lack of order in the modern and industrial society is cause for limitations people encounter. Ortega’s definition of a â€Å"mass man† is the root of chaos modern culture is in. With no restrictions on privilege, the mass man asserts himself in the front of culture where he has no direction or pursuit of a superior future. Ortega’s novel then represents the bleak response to European civilization where no new tradition is being strived for. In contrast, Virginia Woolf addressed a more positive position for a specific group of citizens. She was claiming that women writers, given fair opportunity, can produce a new tradition of literature in the future. Her vision corresponded with other optimists at the time including artists from the Bauhaus School in Germany. She believed growth had not died, instead, was traditionally limited. There was still hope for creativity and progress in the future, but only shared by a minority of citizens living in Europe after the war. These two very different responses to European civilization encompass on one hand the halt of cultural growth due to the rise of the modern mass man who is content with the status quo yet still surpassed the more qualified â€Å"super minority†; and on the othe... ...ake advantage of the opportunity filled civilization of the post war era. The new tradition that would build from generation to generation could not only influence other women but human culture as a whole. Each of these cultural responses to civilization in the post war era has truth seeded within. It is easy to see common ideals such as equal opportunity, along with the struggle to preserve and recognize the importance of intellectual freedom. Both authors contribute different views to create a better understanding of European civilization after the First World War. Even in the aftermath of a barbaric war, literature inspired citizens to rebuild and create an enhanced future for Europe with superior traditions. Together, they prove that the fate of Europe lies with people who will seize opportunity and work towards creating a beautiful and harmonious society.

Existentialism vs. Naturalism in Native Son Essay

When I was recently suffering from the dreaded sweet tooth syndrome, I hadn’t the slightest clue that the result would lead to a personal and universal philosophical debate worthy of comparison to Richard Wright’s Native Son. I found a bag of Dove milk chocolates in my cupboard, and proceeded to snack mindlessly. If you have ever had a Dove chocolate bar, you may know that the foil wrappers include adorable anecdotes, encouraging you to â€Å"take a well-deserved bubble bath†, or reminding you that â€Å"when two hearts race, both win†. After merely two chocolates (I swear), I came across a wrapper that I found somewhat hysterical in nature. â€Å"Follow your instincts,† it beckoned, and I wanted to laugh out loud. What did this even mean? I began to think about the novel I was reading, Native Son. The main character, Bigger Thomas, was somewhat of a slave to his instincts. But were they even his? And thus, my own curiosity over existentialism and naturalism began. Though Richard Wright’s Native Son encompasses several traditional values of existentialism, the style and themes presented are primarily a reflection of the naturalistic movement in philosophy and literature. The philosophical studies of human beings, existentialism and naturalism, share a vital amount of similarities. But the distinctions between the two must be emphasized in order to better comprehend which style Richard Wright employed. Upon dissecting the style, themes, plot, and characters in Native Son, it is clear that naturalism was the predominant philosophical approach. Existentialism has been defined as a philosophical movement or tendency, accentuating individual existence, freedom and choice. The existentialists conclude that human choice is subjective, because individuals finally must make their own choices without help from such external standards as laws, ethical rules, or traditions. Life’s events are not predetermined, but rather are a series of moments. â€Å"Human existence, then, cannot be thought through categories appropriate to things: substance, event, process. There is something of an internal distinction in existence that undermines such attempts, a distinction that existential philosophers try to capture in the categories of ‘facticity’ and ‘transcendence. ’ To be is to co-ordinate these opposed moments in some way, and who I am, my essence, is nothing but my manner of co-ordinating them,† according to â€Å"Existentialism as Philosophy†. Because individuals make their own choices, they are free, but because they freely choose, they are completely responsible for their choices. The existentialists emphasize that freedom is necessarily accompanied by responsibility. Furthermore, since individuals are forced to choose for themselves, they have their freedom—and therefore their responsibility —thrust upon them. They are â€Å"condemned to be free. † â€Å"The term naturalism describes a type of literature that attempts to apply scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to its study of human beings,† says Donna M. Campbell in â€Å"Naturalism in American Literature†. Naturalism is more of a philosophical study than literary technique. Naturalistic writers regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will, adopting instead, in large measure, the biological determinism of Charles Darwin and the economic determinism of Karl Marx. Naturalism in literature is, in essence, an approach that proceeds from an analysis of reality in terms of natural forces like heredity, environment, and physical drives. Naturalism has its roots in the renaissance, its backgrounds in the Middle Ages. Authors in the Naturalist movement tended to deal with the harsh aspects of life. The subject matter in naturalist works differs from realism in that it often deals with those raw and unpleasant experiences which reduce characters to shameful behavior in their struggle to survive. These characters are mostly from the lower middle or the lower classes. They are poor, uneducated, and unsophisticated. Naturalism and Existentialism have several similarities. Both philosophical means of studying human nature â€Å"belongs to intellectual history†. They strive to bring a strong sense of objectivity and â€Å"coldness† to their studies. They are based upon reasoning and logic, and want to see human beings scientifically. The key difference between naturalism and existentialism is the exercise of free will, and the individual’s ability to find meaning in their life. Naturalist perspective argues that humans cannot dictate their own lives. Their belief is that an individual’s life is determined by its environment, heredity, circumstances, and so forth, whereas existentialists are based upon the concept of the individual acting out of free will. The purpose of life is to reject outside authorities or impacts on one’s life. Therefore the essential question referring to Native Son is; does Bigger take control of his own life, or is his life established by his surrounding circumstances? The plot of Native Son contains examples of both existentialism (arguably) and naturalism. Primary models of existentialism would be the Bigger’s murders of Mary Dalton and Bessie. His reaction is not one of regret, but one of euphoria; â€Å"He had done this. He had brought all this about. In all of his life these two murders were the most meaningful things that had ever happened to him. † Bigger’s possibilities have always been stunted by racism, but after these murderous acts, he is â€Å"free† to act (and to live with the consequences of these actions) for the first time. Even though these consequences ultimately mean flight and imprisonment, this feeling of self-assertion and personal control nonetheless remains liberating and intoxicating for Bigger. This action brought Bigger â€Å"outside his family now, over and beyond them†. Other important existentialist passages surround the mother figures in Bigger’s life. The first is his mother, who sings a spiritual song early in the story. Bigger becomes annoyed with this, showing his need to move past religious authority to find his own meaning. The rejection of religion is a very common feature of existentialism, particularly for philosophers such as Sartre and Nietzche. Nietzsche proclaimed â€Å"Gods too decompose. God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him. † Sartre elaborates on this bold statement by saying that â€Å"nothing will be changed if God does not exist; we shall rediscover the same norms of honesty, progress and humanity, and we shall have disposed of God as an out-of-date hypothesis which will die away quietly of itself. † The second instance is Mrs. Dalton, who he somewhat compares to his mother. In their conversation in the Daltons’ kitchen, Bigger notices that Mrs. Dalton seems to want him to do â€Å"the things she felt that he should have wanted to do,† rather than the things his mother imposes upon him. Despite his dislike towards Mrs. Dalton, she gets Bigger to start thinking about his own desires, and how he wants to live. Naturalism, on the other hand, makes up quite a majority of the book. Bigger, whom the focus revolves around, is a naturalist character. He fits all of the technical traits of a naturalistic â€Å"hero†; they are â€Å"Frequently but not invariably ill-educated or lower-class characters whose lives are governed by the forces of heredity, instinct, and passion. † Even Bigger’s actions that give him a sense of meaning by going against the norm are cases of him following instincts. And his instincts are based off of passions that are determined by his environment and past. For example, Bigger often feels enraged, ashamed, and fearful. All of these emotions come as a result of him feeling as though he is overstepping a social boundary, or he thinks he is being mocked for his race or social status. â€Å"The moment a situation became so that it excited something in him, he rebelled. That was the way he lived; he passed his days trying to defeat or gratify powerful impulses in a world he feared. † When he stifled these feelings, he was playing into his surroundings, and when he acted upon them, he was a product of his environment. The primary tone and style in which the novel was written reflects naturalist ideals. While reading Native Son, I felt an eerie detachment from the story and the characters. It is not entirely cold, but the style effectively forces the reader to realize that this is a unique type of hero. Through a methodical examination of the human nature of the story, it accomplishes a naturalistic way of making the reader come to this conclusion. â€Å"Today Bigger Thomas and that mob are strangers, yet they hate. They hate because they fear, and they fear because they feel that the deepest feelings of their lives are being assaulted and outraged. And they do not know why; they are powerless pawns in a blind play of social forces. † This examination of human beings displays a very scientific approach to cause-and-effect instances in human nature, as well as the inability to exercise free will over circumstances. In Wright’s essay, â€Å"How Bigger was Born†, he discusses Bigger as chiefly a combination of many real relationships and political metaphors. â€Å"Bigger’s relationship with white America, both North and South,†¦I had to depict,†¦I had to make known once again, alas; a relationship whose effects are carried by every Negro, like scars, somewhere in his body and mind. † Because Native Son is Bigger’s story, and Bigger is a naturalist human being, the novel is naturalistic as well. Any example of existentialism can be argued as yet another result of Bigger’s lifelong struggles. The â€Å"instincts† Bigger followed, whether or not dictated by a chocolate wrapper, were essentially naturalistic. Works Cited †¢http://www. crsd. org/505208273510200/lib/505208273510200/Existentialism_Overview. doc †¢http://static. dpsk12. org/gems/dsa/SartreonExistentialism. doc †¢http://www. tameri. com/csw/exist/exist. html †¢Campbell, Donna M. â€Å"Naturalism in American Literature. † Literary Movements. . †¢http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/naturalism/ †¢Nietzsche, Friedrich. â€Å"God is Dead†. †¢http://static. dpsk12. org/gems/dsa/HowBiggerWasBorn. doc †¢http://static. dpsk12. org/gems/dsa/NaturalismAmerLit. doc.

Determination of Refractive Index of Prism Using Spectrometer and Various Light Sources

Determination of Refractive Index of Prism using Spectrometer and Various Light Sources Dimain, Marion; Gonzales, Jade; Pancho Jr. , Ronel; Viloria, Matthew David College of Engineering, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines [email  protected] com [email  protected] com [email  protected] com tewhmat. [email  protected] com Abstract The study aims to measure the refractive index of a triangular prism using a spectrometer, utilizing different gas discharge tubes as light source.With the use of the discrete spectrum of mercury vapor, hydrogen gas and neon gas, each of the visible color in their respective spectrum passing through the prism was used as the incident ray. The results determined that the red light of the neon discharge tube brought about a calculated refractive index closest to the theoretical value. I. Introduction The spectrometer is an instrument for analyzing the spectra of radiations. A prism refracts the light into a single spe ctrum, whereas the diffraction grating divides the available light into several spectra.Because of this, slit images formed using a prism are generally brighter than those formed using a grating. Spectral lines that are too dim to be seen with a grating can often be seen using a prism. Unfortunately, the increased brightness of the spectral lines is offset by a decreased resolution, since the prism doesn’t separate the different lines as effectively as the grating. However, the brighter lines allow a narrow slit width to be used, which partially compensates for the reduced resolution. Prism refers to any transparent medium having two or more plane surfaces.A familiar example is the triangular prism, usually made of glass, used to split beam of white light into its component colors. When light is refracted through a prism it is dispersed into its constituent colors, and the angle at which the light emerges from the prism depends upon its wavelength. A prism spectrometer can be used to measure the deviation angles. Since the deviation angles also depend upon the index of refraction of the glass from which the prism is made, they can be used to calculate the index of refraction ? at the different wavelengths via: ? sinA+Dmin2sinA2 (1) where A is the apex angle of the prism and Dmin is the minimum deviation angle of a specific color in the discrete spectrum. [3] The tip of the prism where the two refracting surfaces meet is the apex angle. Deviation angle is defined as the angle between the original incident beam and the final transmitted beam. Figure 1. The apex angle A and the deviation angle D. [5] With reference to Figure 1, light travelling in medium n1 is incident at an angle ? i1 to the normal of one face of the prism having refractive index n2.The incident light is refracted at the first interface and travels at angle ? t1 with respect to the normal. This light is incident at the second face of the prism at an angle ? i2 and finally refracted again to exit the prism at angle ? t2. The deviation angle is therefore equal to: D=(? i1 – ? t1) + (? t2-? i2) (2) In Figure 1, the polygon abcd, there are two right angles ? abc and ? adc. Also for the polygon, since the sum of opposite angles should be 180? so ? bcd + ? A = 180?. [5] Further, in triangle bcd we have ? bcd+? 1+ ? i2=180?. Therefore, the sum of angle A is ? t1+? i2. Relating D and A, D=? i1+ ? t2- ? A. When the prism is rotated perpendicular to the plane of incidence, i. e. such that the incidence angle ? i1 is varied continuously, the deviation of the transmitted light changes. [5] This deviation goes through a minimum Dmin. By symmetry we can argue that the minimum deviation position should be independent of the direction in which light enters the prism. In other words, light entering the prism from the left or right should exhibit the same properties of refraction, minimum deviation, etc. 5] Therefore, if we reverse the direction of light, thus having the new incident light ? i1new=? t2old and ? t2new=? i1old. Experimentally, it is observed that Dmin occurs when the refracted ray inside the prism makes equal angles with the two faces. This means that if we reverse the direction in which light is incident on the prism, we have a new ? i1= ? t2at which the Dmin occurs. However, experimentally, only one Dmin occurs and therefore ? i1= ? t2 at Dmin. [5] Using Snell’s law, we have: n1n2=sin? i1sin? t1 (3) Using minimum deviation we have:Dmin=2sin? i1-A or ? i1=Dmin+A2 (4) From the equivalent sum of angle A, ? t1=A-? i2. Thus, using the minimum angle condition we have ? t1=A2. Substituting the values of ? i1 and ? t1 with n2 as one on Equation 3, yields Equation 1. II. Methodology The materials utilized in the study were triangular prism of unknown refractive index, laser light source, protractor, gas discharge tubes (mercury, hydrogen, and neon), high voltage power supply for discharge tubes and spectrometer.The index of refraction of the prism was first measured using the protractor, laser light source and prism. First the telescope was focused to distant objects i. e. infinity and maintained until the experiment is over, so as not to refocus again. [2] The collimator was adjusted such that the image seen in the telescope is sharp. [2] The diffraction grating holder from the spectrometer table was removed and replaced with prism clamp. The triangular prism was placed and clipped on the table and oriented as shown in Figure 2.The telescope was set to read the angle of the light that is reflected off each face of the prism. The difference between the scale readings at clockwise point a and counterclockwise point b, shown in the Figure 2, equals twice the apex angle A. The value of the apex angle A was calculated. Figure 2. The experimental set-up and measurement of the apex angle A. [3] Using the positioning jig, the prism was rotated on the spectrometer table so that it is oriented as shown in Figure 3. When gas es or vapors of elements are heated or exposed to high voltage they emit light.The emitted light can be split into its component wavelengths by passing it through a diffraction grating or prism. The emission spectrum is unique and characteristic to each element. The discrete spectrum each gas discharge tube was observed. The average angular displacements (clockwise and counter-clockwise) of each color were tabulated while rotating the telescope as the visible colors of the spectra was scanned. Using the values gathered for the apex angles and angle of minimum deviation, the index refraction was computed using Equation 1. Figure 3.Measurement of the angle of minimum deviation D. [3] III. Results and Discussion The measured apex angle A of the prism was 60?. Using the laser light source the angle of 45? was used as incident angle with respect to the normal line, the emergent ray has a 28?. The calculated refractive index, using Equation 3, was 1. 506175959; this will be treated as the theoretical value. The table below shows the calculated index of refraction using Equation 1. The only visible colors for mercury discharge tube were violet, green and yellow, red and blue-green for hydrogen, and yellow and red for neon.The visible colors in each spectrum using prism were less compared when using diffraction grating. This can be due to the limited scope observable using triangular prisms as dispersion agent of the spectrometer. There was an increasing trend of indices as minimum deviation angle increases and as the wavelength of the colored light decreases independent of the element contained in the discharge tube. A prism refracts the light into a single spectrum, whereas the diffraction grating divides the available light into several spectra.Because of this, slit images formed using a prism are generally brighter than those formed using a grating. That is why prisms are preferred when the desired dispersion is weak. Spectral lines that are too dim to be seen wit h a grating can often be seen using a prism. Unfortunately, the increased brightness of the spectral lines is offset by a decreased resolution, since the prism doesn’t separate the different lines as effectively as the grating. However, the brighter lines allow a narrow slit width to be used, which partially compensates for the reduced resolution.The lesser number of colors of light seen in the scope of a spectrometer utilizing a prism as a dispersion medium can also be associated to the unseparated spectral lines of the discharge tubes. The average value of the refractive index closest to the theoretical was given off by the neon discharge tube with 1. 515508062 and 0. 6196% deviation. The color red of neon gave off the refractive index closest to the theoretical with 1. 513609903. It connotes that it is more reliable to use neon discharge than mercury and hydrogen in measuring the index of refraction of a prism.The experimental design inadequately addressed the hypothesis d ue to unavailability of materials; further experimentation could be done using other elements and other prism of different refractive indices and apex angles to explore if there will a significant difference with respect to the gathered data. Table 1. Different minimum deviation angles of the spectrum of different discharge tubes. Element| Color| Minimum Deviation Angle D| Index of Refraction ? | Average Index of Refraction ? | Percent Deviation| Mercury| Violet| 41? 30’| 1. 548785288| 1. 540510872| 2. 2796%| | Green| 40? 44’| 1. 540284548| | | | Yellow| 40? 2’| 1. 3246278| | | Hydrogen| Blue-Green| 39? 56’| 1. 53134071| 1. 528902825| 1. 8384%| | Red| 39? 30’| 1. 52646494| | | Neon| Yellow| 38? 42’| 1. 517406221| 1. 515508062| 0. 6196%| | Red| 38? 22’| 1. 513609903| | | IV. Conclusion and Recommendation It is therefore concluded that the refractive index of a prism can be measured using a spectrometer. The most reliable gas discharge tube between hydrogen, mercury and neon to measure refractive indices was neon with 1. 515508062 and 0. 6196 percent deviated from the theoretical value of 1. 506175959. The color red of neon gave off the refractive index closest to the theoretical with 1. 13609903. The visible colors in each spectrum using prism were less compared when using diffraction grating. There was an increasing trend of indices as minimum deviation angle increases and as the wavelength of colored light decreases independent of the element contained in the discharge tube. The experimental design inadequately addressed the hypothesis due to unavailability of materials, further experimentation could be done using other elements and other prism of different refractive indices and apex angles to explore if there will a significant difference with respect to the gathered data.Acknowledgements First and foremost, the students would like to thank Mrs. Jen-jen Manuel, our physics laboratory instructor, for his patie nce, guidance and understanding. The National Institute of Physics for letting us conduct this experiment. The staff in-charge-of-the-instruments for letting the students borrow instruments vouched by University of the Philippines I. D. References 1. Young, H. , University Physics, 12th Edition L. P. E. , Chapter 38: Photons: Light Waves Behaving As Particles, Photoelectric Effect, Pearson Education South Asia PTE LTD (2009). 2. Go, Mary Ann, et. l. (Laboratory Manual Authors), Physics 73. 1, Spectral Fingerprinting, The Spectrometer (2007). 3. http://www. cmi. ac. in/~debangshu/lab1/spectrometer. pdf 4. http://uregina. ca/~szymanss/uglabs/p112/Experiments/112-08Spectr08. pdf 5. https://www. google. com. ph/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&ved=0CEUQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics. wustl. edu%2Fclassinfo%2F316%2FTheory%2FRefraction. pdf&ei=0I0xUe_iA6i9iAfiooGoBg&usg=AFQjCNEfjICiK9bxd9xT7AZsYZT-j5ybDw&sig2=s9OmxcBtP3WtmnbVM7nlQQ&bvm=bv. 43148975,d. aGc

Music Final Essays

Music Final Essays Music Final Paper Music Final Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Of the following, who is a noted woman composer of the Romantic era Amy Cheney Beach Of the following, which was NOT a major theme of Romantic writers idealized heroes of Greece and Rome The favorite subjects for the Romantic poets were love, longing, and nature Of the following, which is NOT a title for Schumanns piano works Rondos Which does NOT characterize Romantic music reserved emotions What is the form of Schumanns In the lovely month of May strophic The art song can be described as representing a union of poetry and music True A German-texted song with piano accompaniment that sets a short lyric poem is called a Lied: The mood of Schumanns In the lovely month of May is joyful and exuberant False The Romantic orchestra was the same size as the Classical orchestra False The Industrial Revolution produced less expensive musical instruments but with no technical improvements False Which is true of Schuberts Erlking It is the masterpiece of his youth It is based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die It presents four characters who are differentiated in the music: Franz Schubert was a thoroughly Romantic composer whose music abandoned the forms and stylistic principles of Classicism False The desire for increased expressiveness in nineteenth-century music is communicated by the composer to the performer through new descriptive terms True A song that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of whole sections is in strophic form False Exoticism was expressed through the incorporation within a composition of folk music of ones own country False A song form in which the same melody is repeated with every stanza of text is called strophic Nineteenth-century musicians continued to be viewed by society as glorified servants False Franz Schubert composed several song cycles, including Winters Journey The first movement of the Romantic concerto often omitted the orchestra exposition True Which composer is generally considered the greatest pianist and showman of the Romantic era Liszt Of which national school of composition is DvoÃ…â„¢k a representative Czech Although a musical nationalist, Smetana avoided getting involved with the political revolution False Amy Cheney Beach was widely recognized in her lifetime as the leading American woman composer True Which does NOT characterize the scherzo from Beachs Sonata in A minor Placed third in the four-movement cycle: Nineteenth-century Russian composers have a strong tradition of utilizing folk tales as the basis of their compositions True Liszt joined Chopin in transforming the _____ from a piano exercise into a poetic mood piece à ©tude Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an example of program music String Quartet in B-flat major DvoÃ…â„¢ks Symphony No 9 was inspired by Goethes Faust: False Nationalism found natural expression in music, among other arts True Who was the first internationally acclaimed American composer of classical music Louis Moreau Gottschalk Of the following, who did NOT write a major concerto in the Romantic era Schubert Who is the German-born conductor who set up a concert series across the United States and also established New York Citys second professional orchestra Theodore Thomas Gottschalks The Banjo is in a modified sonata form False Pianist Clara Schumann gave the first performances of her husband Roberts important works, and also became known as a leading interpreter of the music of Brahms and Chopin True The melody of the African-American Spiritual Swing Low, Sweet Chariot is suggestive of the third theme in the first movement of DvoÃ…â„¢ks New World Symphony: The melody of Chopins Prelude in E minor moves in disjunct motion through a wide range False Berlioz was awarded the Prix de Rome, during which time he wrote his Symphonie fantastique True The most important keyboard instrument of the Romantic period was the piano: Incidental music to a play is generally considered to be absolute music False Of the following, which does NOT describe symphony composition in the Romantic era Composers wrote more symphonies than their Classical counterparts The finale to Symphonie fantastique projects a satanic character True Franz Liszt described the style of his music, along with that of Wagner and Berlioz, as the music of the future True Mendelssohn played an important role in the revival of music by which Baroque composer Bach In the nineteenth century, where did serious American musicians complete their studies in Europe The Harlem Renaissance was an early twentieth-century movement that promoted the creative efforts of African Americans True The symphony was a new genre in the Romantic era False Clara Schumanns later creative activities were supported by the devotion of which composer Brahms A piece of program music for orchestra in one movement which, through several contrasting sections, develops a poetic idea or suggests a scene or mood is called a symphonic poem: The typical Romantic symphony has four movements True Which of the following did NOT characterize salons They were generally hosted by wealthy male aristocrats: Titles such as Prelude, Impromptu, and Intermezzo are used for short, lyric piano pieces: Which best describes the style of the third movement of Brahmss Symphony No 3 a melancholic waltz Brahmss Symphony No 3is a program symphony False Chopin spent most of his productive life in Paris: Popular music has recently become a vehicle for the voice of women composers True Which movement of a symphony is traditionally the slowest the second movement The scherzo is a lively, dancelike movement in duple meter False William Grant Still was an African-American composer who sought musical inspiration from his native heritage True One of the leitmotifs from Wagners Die Walkà ¼re is the magic fire music True The habanera is a dance song of Cuban origin True Puccinis Madame Butterfly is a tragic tale of a Japanese geisha and a U: S: naval officer: Which description best characterizes a part song a short, secular song for three or four voice parts Brahmss German Requiem was intended for performance in the Catholic Church False The focal point of Wagnerian music drama is the voice False Impressionist music is often characterized as a reaction to all of the above: Ravels art reflects the twin goals of Impressionism and Neoclassicism True Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Impressionist music accents on the first beat of each measure Which of the following statements is NOT true about Romantic choral music Only professional singers participated in nineteenth-century choruses Which of the following countries was NOT a leading opera center in the nineteenth century England Tchaikovskys Nutcracker is based on a story by E T A Hoffmann Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale is a ballet What was the name of the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write ballets Diaghilev Singing in a chorus generally requires a different skill than playing in an orchestra True Which of the following is the Cuban dance song that Bizet set as an aria in Carmen habanera Opera provided composers with a good outlet for their interest in far-off lands True The text for Fanny Mendelssohn Hensels Under the Greenwood Tree was taken from Shakespeares As You Like It: The Waltz of the Flowers is the climax of The Nutcracker ballet True Ravel was attracted to many styles of dance music True The librettist for Verdis Otello was Boito Debussy considered Wagners music dramas to be ponderous and tedious True French poets responded to Impressionism in painting by developing a new literary style called Symbolism Debussy was much influenced by non-Western music he heard at the Paris World Exhibition of 1889 True Puccinis opera Madame Butterfly, with its Japanese melodies and pentatonic and whole-tone scales, is an example of exoticism True Ravels _____ sets texts from The Arabian Nights Shà ©hà ©razade Ballet became an independent art form in the nineteenth century True The form of How Lovely Is Thy Dwelling Place, the fourth movement of Brahmss German Requiem, is best described as A-B-A-C-A, or rondo Brahmss German Requiem has _____ movements seven In Rigoletto, Verdi turns away from tuneful melodies to heighten the dramatic action False Schumann wrote his song cycle A Poets Love during his year of song, in which he wrote hundreds of Lieder and he also married Clara (Wieck) Schumann: True The melody in twelve-tone music is called a tone row Of the following, which describes formalism Formal considerations are valued over expressive ones. What was the name of the Paris-based Russian ballet impresario who commissioned Stravinsky to write ballets Diaghilev Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale is a ballet Klangfarbenmelodie refers to a style that gives each note of a melody to a different instrument Neoclassical composers preferred absolute music and forms to program music True Stravinskys ballets all achieved immediate popularity with their audiences. False In The Royal March from Stravinskys The Soldiers Tale, the meter remains constant throughout False Bergs music owes much to the influence of Arnold Schoenberg True It is thought that Mahlers conversion to Catholicism was prompted primarily to avoid anit-Semitism in Vienna. Weberns Symphony, Opus 21, uses many contrapuntal procedures True Weberns Symphony, Opus 21, combines serial technique with traditional forms True Who composed the opera Peter Grimes Britten Bart à ³k found that eastern European folk music was based on ancient modes, unfamiliar scales,non-symmetrical rhythms. Which nineteenth-century American composer is best remembered for his popular ballads and minstrel show tunes Stephen Foster Which of the following instruments would you NOT find in a standard mariachi band clarinet Which of the following is NOT a ballet by Aaron Copland Our Town While composing in his spare time, Charles Ives made his living as an insurance executive. Shape-note notation was used to help music reading for the general public True The music of Charles Ives was very popular and performed frequently during his lifetime False William Grant Still composed the first symphony by an African American to be performed by a major American orchestra True Like Copland and Prokofiev, Revueltas wrote music for films True Which does NOT characterize the blues It is a form of African folk music. What American city is considered the birthplace of jazz New Orleans Billie Holidays song Billies Blues demonstrates ________ form 16-bar blues The principal exponent of cool jazz was trumpeter Miles Davis. What is the form of Gershwins Piano Prelude No1 : A-B-A The popular style that is characterized by vocal patter against a syncopated rhythmic accompaniment is rap. The Irish rock group of the late 1980s interested in political activism was U2. The Whos Tommy is an example of rock opera. Bernsteins West Side Story updates the feud between the Capulets and the Montagues to that between The Jets and the Sharks. The term loosely applied to various styles of Afro-Cuban dance music is Salsa. Ragtime was named for its ragged, highly syncopated rhythms and melodies True Cajuns and Creoles stem from the same ethnic background and share similar musical influences False Art rock or progressive rock was largely a British style True A new style that emerged during the 1950s that was a union of African American rhythm-blues, country western, and pop was called bebop False Rock is characterized by a strong, steady beat in a triple meter False The use of preexisting literary sources such as books and plays for the plots of musicals helped the new genre to gain maturity and permanence True New Orleans jazz depended on simultaneous improvisations by the players, which created a polyphonic texture True Big-band swing represented the dominant form of American popular music in the 1930s and 1940s True The jazz technique of playing short melodic ostinatos, or riffs, derives from African call-and-response patterns. True The musical has remained exclusively an American art form, not attempted by composers of other countries False

A Guide to Bursitis

A Guide to Bursitis Bursitis is defined as the irritation or inflammation of a bursa (fluid filled sacs attached to joints). It most commonly occurs in adults over 40 years of age and results in discomfort or loss of motion in the affected joint.   What Is a Bursa? A bursa is a fluid-filled sac located around joints in the body that reduce friction and ease movement as tendons or muscles pass over bones or skin. They are located around joints and reduce friction and ease movement as tendons or muscles pass over bones or skin. Bursas are found next to all joints in the body.   What Are the Symptoms of Bursitis? The main symptom of bursitis is experiencing pain in the joints in the body - usually occurring in the shoulder, knee, elbow, hip, heel, and thumb. This pain may start subtle and build to extremely intense, especially in the presence of calcium deposits in the bursa. Tenderness, swelling, and warmth often accompany or precede this pain. Reduction in or loss of motion at the affected joint can also be symptomatic of more severe bursitis, such as the case of frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis wherein the pain from bursitis makes the patient incapable of moving the shoulder What Causes Bursitis? Bursitis can be caused by acute or repetitive traumatic impact to the bursa, repetitive stress through overuse of the joint, and post operation or injury infections.   Age is one of the primary factors that cause bursitis. Due to prolonged stress on joints, especially those requiring daily use, tendons toughen and become less tolerant of stress, less elastic, and easier to tear resulting in an increased likelihood the bursa could become irritated or inflamed.  At-risk patients should use caution when engaging in activities that cause extensive stress to joints, such as gardening and many physically stressful sports, as they have also been known to carry a high-risk for causing the irritation.  Other medical conditions that cause additional joint stress (such as tendonitis and arthritis) may also increase a persons risk.   How Do I Prevent Bursitis? Being aware of the strain daily activities have on your joints, tendons and bursas can greatly reduce the likelihood of getting bursitis. For patients beginning a new exercise routine, stretching properly and gradually building up stress and repetition will help mitigate the possibility of a repetitive stress injury. However, since age is one of the primary causes of the ailment, bursitis is not entirely preventable.   How Do I Know If I Have Bursitis? Bursitis is difficult to diagnose as it shares many symptoms with tendonitis and arthritis. As a result, identification of symptoms and knowledge of causes can lead to a proper diagnosis of bursitis. Follow  these tips if you have been diagnosed with a repetitive stress injury and use a visual pain scale to track and identify your pain to help determine if you have bursitis. If symptoms do not alleviate after a couple of weeks of self-care, the pain becomes too severe, swelling or redness occurs or a fever develops, you should schedule a consult with your physician.

Shakespear writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shakespear writing - Essay Example Some characters are showed in the process of transformation while their nature is changed due to some crucial events or trial. These characters are, for instance, Cordelia, who embodies good and Edmund, who symbolizes evil. King Lear's personality goes the whole way due to his folly and imprudence that lead him from denial to rage and to madness. It is customary to suppose that Shakespeare and the other writers of this period kept to the traditional conviction that human nature is interrelated with the environment, and all possible alterations break the order, which would influence both human nature and the surroundings. That is why in many Shakespeare's tragedies personal conflicts are accompanied with some natural disasters. King Lear is not an exception. Breaking one of the pattern parts leads to collapses in other essential parts. Behavior of Lear's daughters, violating all moral and natural laws, hurting their father, breaking gratitude and obedience, that are usually expressed by the children in relation to their parents, is intensified with the scene of a storm raging outdoors. This illustrates unnatural behavior of Lear's daughters and predicts his worsening condition in future. At the beginning of this tragedy King Lear is portrayed as conceited, proud and hot-tempered king. He cannot be regarded either as positive or negative character. But the subsequent events described in the play show us how his follies result in refuse from his only loving daughter. He also realizes that the other daughters who seemed to be devoted and loving before, turned out to be ungrateful and indifferent, their assurances of sincere love turned out to be just mere words. It is necessary to note that Lear realizes what will be the end of the process of changes that occur to his personality. He predicts his condition, crying: "O fool, I shall go mad!" (Act II, scene 4). In the events that are described in Act II the author uses not only cruelty of Lear's daughters, but also the symbolic elements to describe how Lear's conscience threshold is surpassed, how his personality is torn apart and how he is left to seek for his identity. This makes Lear begin his way of transformation, to his natural identity, while he gets rid of the deception and artifice, and imaginary significance of the power and throne, created by him for his own self-appraisal, he fully reconsiders his roles of father and king. Later he described in the scene representing the storm, while he tries to resist the forces of nature, and this is the scene, reflecting the idea of a human weakness. Lear seems to be a honorable man, and we know he was, and he hangs up on the feeling on love as the subject that can be measured. He thinks that the daughter he would love the most and desire to live with will be the one that will give the answer that he wishes to hear, asking the question about the number of knights they let him to keep. He states, I'll go with thee. Thy fifty yet doth double five-and-twenty, And thou are twice her love" (Act II, scene 4). By this scene and these words the author clearly makes us understand that his hero is wrong, and he will soon assure that this is not true. This is the stage of denial, while the character mistakenly compares feelings and material objects, judging the devotion and love by the empty words that mean

Brazil, One of the BRICS Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brazil, One of the BRICS Countries - Essay Example Brazil has since been a leading nation in the global scene with the integration of all of the universal races from all the continents. The mulatto constitutes the second majority of the population with the whites occupying 53% in population (Nascimento, 2007). The rest are black and other tribes that share the remaining constitution in the population. The largest South American nation has been developed based on a diverse economic activity with a tropical climate in the north and temperate southern climate. The nation has been developed based on these activities and the abundance of a rich mineral reserve that supplies the population with a livelihood source to support a growing population. The rich composition of the Brazilian nation has been built on diversity in the population and the rich culture that shape the development witnessed in the country. A multi-dynamic population that forms the culture constitutes the composition of Brazil. The nation had been formed based on the indi genous Portuguese population that dictated the initial cultural practices and the catholic religion that is more dominant. However, the southern nation experienced an increased migration pattern that saw the arrival of an increased and diversified culture. The population has been created based on the greatest population composers in Indigenous Americans, Africans and the varied Portuguese population that have interacted to create diversity experienced in Brazil. The architecture in Brazil, the Portuguese language and the religion has since been the identity of the nation based on the original inhabitants of the land. The multicultural platform has created integration that tolerates foreign inhabitants capable of integrating into the population, and generating the cultural affiliation realized in the bend of traditional and contemporary cultural traditions. The population composition of Brazil has reflected the culture of the nation with African, American, Portuguese and European nat ions reflecting the identity of the nation. The mestizos had been created as the result of the interaction of the colonizers in Portuguese and the natives. The Mulattoes were a new culture from the African slaves and the colonizers and after liberation in 1888 slavery was eradicated to eliminate racial imbalance (Hollander, 2003). The entire population in Brazil adopted Portuguese as the language for interaction with the Roman Catholic religion constituting the chief religion in Brazil. Hollander (2003) state that the diverse population has also influenced the food, culture and heritage of the nation, to present, distinct practices to be highlighted in the ceremonies witnessed. The cultural affiliations are reflected in the greatest event practiced in Brazil during the carnival held 46 days prior to the Easter holiday. The reflection accorded had been the culture practiced in the pagan religion that had existed in the native inhabitants before the introduction of Christianity. Varie d tribes occupy the regions in Brazil and each bear varied principles and practices. The Bahia region composed on mainly African origin practice a distinct music, language and religious perspectives. The food that is mostly adopted in the culture has been in rice and beans with manioc as the leading composition in the diet. Although urbanization has led to the adoption of a globalized trend in completion of the activities, there has been the preservation of the cultural