The Ramayana and Trade Essay Sample free essay sample

Ramayana. described in the ancient Indian Scriptures as â€Å"Kaavayaanam uttamam† . intending the best of heroic poems provides several cases of a booming trade. The Ayodhya kanda which depicts the programs of enthronement of Rama and his subsequent departure for the Vanvaas or expatriate has several mentions to the society of Ayodhya. There are mentions to extremely processed goods like incense sticks and sandal wood paste which are finished merchandises and can be safely assumed to be sold and bought for usage in auspicious occasions. Besides in the assorted mentions made to the people of the land before the anointing of Rama clearly mentions the agribusiness based citizens who came from the adjoining small towns where as the mention to the people of the metropolis of Ayodhya is mostly limited to the affluent merchandisers and edifices of rich household individuals. Valmiki Ramayana translated by Desiraju Hnaumanta Rao and K. M. K. Murthy Valmikiramayan. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ramayana and Trade Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page cyberspace. Ayodhya kanda. 16 Feb 2007 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. valmikiramayan. net/ gt ; A ; lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. valmikiramayan. net/ayodhya/sarga6/ayodhya_6_prose. htm gt ; When Rama is banished to the woods by his measure mother Queen Kaikeyi. the heartache of the metropolis of Ayodhya is described therefore â€Å"No one felt any delectation or gladfulness. merchandisers would non expose their wares. no goods were set out to catch the eye†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Pollock 249 ) To add acceptance to the presence of a booming trade is the reference of currency in Rama rajya which consisted of gold coins ( Athavale 34 ) Besides the reference of the Manu Dharma in Ramayana period is itself declarative of the presence of trade because Manu Dharma provides for four categories in society out of which Vaisya is translated as a bargainer or a merchandiser and to this twenty-four hours assorted descendants of this community are seen first as bargainers. On a lighter note. the reference of vocalists. histrions and terpsichoreans depicts a society which took good attention of its amusement industry. Plants cited Sheldon. I. Pollock.Ramayana by ValmikiNew York: NYU imperativeness. 2005 Pandurang Vaijnath Athavale.Valmiki RamayanaMichigan: University of Michigan. 1976

Leadership Talent Reviews free essay sample

An organization is like a living organism. As the organization develops and matures its need for human capital changes. It will require more people due to growth, a wider range of professional diversity, and replacements as employees leave the organization. Leadership Talent Reviews are a way for an organization to prevent the well of leadership talent from running dry. This study will examine the Leadership Talent Review process at a Department of Defense Agency, as it compares to current trends. The Role of the Human Resource Department It is important to define and understand the role of the Human Resources department in the Leadership Talent Review process. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership Talent Reviews or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The textbook definition of â€Å"Human Resource Management encompasses those activities designed to provide for and coordinate the human resource of an organization. † (Byars, 2011), this definition also applies to the HR role in the Leadership Talent Review process. The Human Resources department is not responsible for independently and unilaterally designing, implementing, and operating the Leadership Talent Review process. Rather, the Human Resources department will provide advice, counsel, research and act as facilitators in the process. The Orlando Agency The Department of Defense agency located in Orlando, Florida has an end-strength of 1,200 employees. Its mission is to research, procure, develop, and ultimately provide state-of –the-art training devices for the United States military as well as, some foreign militaries. The employee professional categories are engineers, logisticians, contract specialists, project managers, staff, and administrative positions. It uses a formal Leadership Talent Review process. This agency â€Å"supports employee participation in Leadership Development Programs. There are internal; JLDP and NLDP programs and there are external programs. Mentoring is another focus area for this command and lots of communication and coordination is accomplished to educate the workforce about the benefits of the Mentoring program†. Journey Leadership Development Program The JLDP (Journey Leadership Development Program) is a program designed to support and enable the development of leadership skills at all levels of the organization and is geared to compliment our masters-level leadership program, the NAVAIR Leadership Development Program (NLDP). The program has a suggested 1-2 year completion program length and does not guarantee promotions, awards, or bonuses† (Commander Naval Air Systems Command, 2011). The JLDP is designed to develop employees in the lower mid-level paygrades. It requires the employee to submit an application and be accepted upon review. NAVAIR Leadership Development Program NLDP (NAVAIR Leadership Development Program) is the name of the headquarters version of a Leadership Talent Review. It is a voluntary program that requires each applicant to submit a very extensive application that hinges on the essay portion. Although it is voluntary, occassionally there are employees that show exceptional potential and are highly encouraged to apply. It is open to personnel in the upper mid-level pay grades. â€Å"The NLDP consists of two tracks – the Management Leadership Track and the Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Leadership track. Both focus on leadership, and specifically, developing you as a leader. As a core value of this organization, continuous process improvement is a leadership responsibility at every level in NAVAIR. That’s why, in the CPI track, participants will work side-by-side with master black belts on high-profile projects our senior leaders choose and fully support. Along the way, you’ll earn your own black belt certification. For leading and managing complex teams, the NLDP’s Management Leadership track focuses on executive core qualifications (ECQs) and extended rotational assignments, as well as Project Sponsor or Green Belt training. Each program has both CPI and leadership training components. Participants are committed to learning a broad range of leadership, management, and productivity improvement skills. Both tracks share common Leadership Development courses. Both program components also require each person to have a formal mentor to offer career advice and guidance along the way. This program does not guarantee promotions, awards, or bonuses. † (Commander Naval Air Systems Command, 2009) The Management Leadership Track takes three to five years to complete (part time). The Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Leadership Track takes two to three years to complete (full time). The Headquarters Command in Patuxent River, Maryland that the Orlando agency reports to, reviews all the applications and makes a determination as to who is accepted into the program. The NLDP selection board convenes annually at the headquarters location. It is composed of executive level management personnel. The board reviews applications submitted from personnel that belong to headquarters and all of its subordinate agencies. The number selected each year is determined by the amount of budget available to fund the selectee’s training requirements through the entire program. The board is designed to be independent and advocating for or against any of the applicants is not part of the process. Subordinate agencies are not entitled to board representation. However, the board does attempt to select candidates in equitible numbers from all the subordinate agencies. Although, for completing the program the selectees are not promised a promotion, raise, or a bonus, it is past program graduates that are typically selected for strategic and key upper-level management positions. iMentor Program The iMentor program is a mentoring program open to all employees at all levels. An employee reviews a list of mentors and makes a selection and upon mutual agreement; mentor and protege’ are teamed up. The purpose as stated in the handbook is, â€Å"To enhance mission effectiveness and productivity through the promotion of employee personal and professional development: enhance knowledge transfer, produce higher retention rates, improve employee morale, and yield greater promotion potential. † (Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division, 2012). Although the iMentor program is not a part of the JLDP or NLDP program it is a program that can set an employee onto the path of professional development. Current Trends in Leadership Talent Reviews There are several ways for an organization to approach the Leadership Talent Review process. One way would be for Top Management to engage the organization’s own Human Resources department to interactively work with management to design a program. An organization could outsource the process, with management participation. Another way would be for management to develop a process independent of the Human Resources department and without outside consultants that specialize in this kind of work. The last option would not be advisable because management may not be aware of the laws and regulations governing employee relations, diversity in the workplace, as well as many other areas of employment law. Leadership Talent Review Process Overview The first step is to establish a board, with the full support of the organization’s top leader; the Chief Executive Officer, President, etc. Decide how often the board will meet and the purpose and agenda of each meeting. Establish the criteria for consideration. Create a list of employees that are being nominated to the review process. Establish groups of employees with leadership potential with respect to their current position and future potential. The review board should examine each of the employees and assess their talent potential. Once the review of talent is complete, the employees identified for future leadership potential should be placed into a development program. If the Leadership Talent Review process has been successful it should feed into the organization’s succession planning so, that as employees leave the organization there is an existing known quantity of fully developed employees ready to take their place. Smiths Group, 2012) Establishing the Leadership Talent Review Board Establishing a Leadership Talent Review Board is the first step in the review process. It is important to select members that are diverse professionally, culturally, and from different business units. Board members should be mature both emotionally and professionally. The wrong type of personalities on the board can create problems and impede the progress of the board’s agenda. Some examples are as follows: 1. â€Å"The used car saleswoman shows up prepared to â€Å"sell† every one of her employees. 2. The defense attorney, â€Å"I object†! Each possible fault is torn apart and disputed, just like Johnny Cochran and a glove that doesn’t fit. 3. Your Grandmother, everybody’s just wonderful, and nobody could possibly have any weaknesses. 4. The toe tapper has better things to do than to sit around and talk about damn people.

How to Write a Spiritual Essay

How to Write a Spiritual EssayYou can write a spiritual essay by following this short and easy to understand guide. This will help you learn the fundamental principles of writing a spiritual essay. Then you can use the guide in order to write your own spiritual essay, which you can use to help you through difficult times or to help people you care about get through some problems they are going through.Now that you have a very brief explanation of what a spiritual essay is, then you can move on to the next step. As you learn to write spiritual essays, you will be able to use the techniques you learn here to help you write your own essay. In order to write a spiritual essay, you will first need to learn how to find spiritual resources. Then you can begin to use these resources in order to create the spiritual essay you are trying to write.The fact is that there are many spiritual resources you can find on the Internet. If you want to be able to use the methods and techniques you learn here, you need to be able to find the best resources out there. To do this, you need to understand the types of resources that are available.When you are looking for spiritual resources online, you need to make sure that you know what type of spiritual resources are available. Some of the spiritual resources available online are the same as those that you will find in a religious bookstore. Other types of spiritual resources are created by people who are trying to help people who are experiencing some kind of trouble or problem.Those who are trying to help people with spiritual issues and problems are called spiritual writers. They are writers that have been trained to help people in many different ways. Some of the ways that they help people are to help them understand their spiritual beliefs. Other ways are to help them express their spiritual thoughts and ideas.You can begin to learn how to write a spiritual essay by looking at the work of spiritual writers that are available onl ine. When you look at some of these spiritual writers, you will see that they tend to use very formal methods to help people understand their spirituality. But the problem is that they do not follow the same style for all people.You can also find some spiritual essay samples that use very informal methods of writing. It is important to realize that even though some methods of writing are informal, others are not. So you need to learn to differentiate between these methods when you are looking at different spiritual essay samples.To write a spiritual essay, you should be able to find many different essay samples. There are many places online where you can find essay samples. However, you should be careful to choose a place that has the most number of samples available for you to use.

Aristotle, Rousseau, and Mills Opinion of the Iraq War †Humanities Essay

Aristotle, Rousseau, and Mills Opinion of the Iraq War – Humanities Essay Free Online Research Papers Aristotle, Rousseau, and Mills Opinion of the Iraq War Humanities Essay The Iraq war is began in 2002 and still continues today. The editorial from The Economist, 26 November 2005, explains why American soldiers should stay in Iraq. The author explains how Americans are helping and people do not see or share Pres. Bush’s vision. His vision is for one day to have democracy and freedom throughout the Middle East. The article states, â€Å"The cost to America of staying in Iraq may be high, but the cost of retreat would be higher† (11). What does the author mean in this statement? He means that the money cost may be high now, but if America retreats, the moral cost and reputation will be higher. America will be seen as weak. America has been in it for too long to quit. What do philosophers such as Aristotle, Rousseau, and Mill have to say about these issues? Although these philosophers have been dead for a long time, what their philosophy on life and government still holds true today. Aristotle believes that the act of the state isn’t the state, but its government. Citizens are what make up the state. They select people to run it, whether it is a council of elders, or a larger democratic government, or even a monarchy. Citizens are people of the state, not resident aliens, or slaves. They have more rights than people who are not citizens. Do you have to hold an office in the government to be a citizen? The answer is no. Aristotle says if they are not resident aliens or foreigners, they are citizens. Citizens do not have to hold an office. They can contribute to the state is other ways. It is a symbiotic relationship. In Iraq’s case, they had a tyrannical form of government. Saddam Hussein basically ruled the country, although he had a cabinet who would advise him what to do and how to handle situations. The relationship between the citizens and the state is that the citizens live in fear of the state. The citizens have no rights and the result of outspoken comments against the government is punishable by death. It does not follow what Aristotle says. The purpose for American forces in Iraq is to make things better for the people. Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote the social contract. He believes that man is good and is free from tyrannical government. He states that the citizens of the state have a non-verbal agreement. They have to obey the laws of the country. In turn, the state must protect the people. The citizens agree to pay their taxes, abide by the laws, and support the government. Rousseau discusses the will. What is â€Å"the will†? It is an opinion or feeling someone gets and does something to change it. The general will of the people is the overall feeling of the government from the people. He explains that if the people are unhappy with a decision the government made, they can try to reverse, change, or make a friendly amendment to the decision. Looking at the will at a smaller scale, individual wills are different from one another and differs from the general will. The individual person has different interests to fit his needs. Looking at Iraq before the war, the citizens could not speak. The government does not tolerate difference of opinion. The citizens could not have a general will. It is difficult to decipher what the actual will is. The citizens had to be forced into having a positive outlook on the government. They would be killed if their opinion was different. They may have individual wills because the government or anybody else can not put a stop to individual thinking. What the government can do is program or brainwash the people into thinking what they are doing is right. It hinders free thinking but it may not stop it. While the war is being fought, the general will is different in Iraq. There are groups of people that are happy with the Americans being in Iraq. In contracts, there are militants who don’t want Americans in Iraq and they go and do suicide bombings or attacks. How about the will of the people at home in America? Many people believe the war is justified and support the gove rnment in any action. Other people believe that the government is wrong and protest the war. That is the beauty about free thinking. In America, two general wills are at work. The government does not put a stop to it because this country is founded on freedom ideals. Our country’s constitution is a social contract. They are the laws of the land. Citizens must obey these laws or the police, or law enforcers, must take action. Social contracts are designed to have a good relationship with the government, while it protects them. It makes the government and its citizens to work together. John Stuart Mill explains his philosophy on liberty. He believed in utilitarianism. Mill often felt that everything’s worth is base on the usefulness. He wanted man to work for the happiness for the greatest amount of people. He believes that achieving the greatest happiness causes a moral end. Mill believes that having freedom of opinion and expression is essential for any society to flourish and to have happiness. It is important because the people can discuss their own thoughts and feeling to an issue. It provokes human thought process and independent thinking. People need to have independent thoughts. How must one learn from another if all of their thoughts and feelings were the same? Having the freedom of expression and expressing them, either by publishing them or acting them out, will have a snowball effect. Once one person does it, and then others will do it, and then a mass amount of people will begin to do it. Mill says it would be immoral to suppress the truth. The only reason they would do that would be if the suppressor wants to hide the truth. Mill believes in the liberty of people’s thoughts and expression, and press. These philosophers have their own ideas on a working society. Is it perfect? Maybe not, but they want to have a society not ruled by a tyrannical government. Different countries have different societies. Their nations were built on different ideas. We can apply Mill’s standard to other nations. It is important to have a good relationship between the citizen and the state. Opinions play a big role in the actions of the state. For example, President Bush’s opinion in the Iraq war was that America should be there fighting Saddam and the terrorists. Opinions are made to be debated upon. Although Bush needed approval, it was still his opinion and decision to go fight in Iraq. I would say that Aristotle would disagree because there is no symbiotic relationship with this decision about the war. Ideas, such as health care, social security, etc, Aristotle would agree with because the citizens benefit from the state. The decision of the war is not. Rousseau would agree because if it is the general will of the people to go to war, then the state will go to war. If I were the president, and if I wanted to fight in Iraq that was justified, then I would make that decision. The people will support the decision, unless it is entirely wrong. If the general will is much greater than my personal will, I would have to set aside my personal goals to make the citizens happy. Mill will agree with the people. He believed in freedom of speech and press. The citizens should not be silenced. Mill encourages people to stand up for what they believe in. Mill would agree with me if I set aside what I wanted and did what was for the good of the people. Mill believes in achieving a greater will to have a moral end. Everything that these philosophers base their ideas on is morality. If everyone followed their morals, we would have a better society. Research Papers on Aristotle, Rousseau, and Mill's Opinion of the Iraq War - Humanities EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHip-Hop is Art19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeBringing Democracy to AfricaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Pros and Cons of Compulsory Voting

Pros and Cons of Compulsory Voting Over 20 countries have some form of compulsory voting which requires citizens to register to vote and to go to their polling place or vote on election day. With secret ballots, its not really possible to prove who has or has not voted, so this process could be more accurately called compulsory turnout because voters are required to show up at their polling place on election day. Facts About Compulsory Voting One of the most well-known compulsory voting systems is in Australia. All Australian citizens over the age of 18 (except those of unsound mind or those convicted of serious crimes) must be registered to vote and show up at their polling place on election day. Australians who do not show up are subject to fines, although those who were ill or otherwise incapable of voting on election day can have their fines waived. Compulsory voting in Australia was adopted in the state of Queensland in 1915 and subsequently adopted nationwide in 1924. With Australias compulsory voting system comes additional flexibility for the voter. Elections are held on Saturdays, absent voters can vote in any state polling place, and voters in remote areas can vote before an election at pre-poll voting centers or via mail. Voter turnout of those registered to vote in Australia was as low as 47 percent prior to the 1924 compulsory voting law. In the decades since 1924, voter turnout has hovered around 94 to 96 percent. In 1924, Australian officials felt that compulsory voting would eliminate voter apathy. However, compulsory voting now has its detractors. The Australian Electoral Commission provides some arguments in favor and against compulsory voting. Arguments in Favor Voting is a civic duty comparable to other duties citizens perform (e.g. taxation, compulsory education, or jury duty).Parliament reflects more accurately the will of the electorate.Governments must consider the total electorate in policy formulation and management.Candidates can concentrate their campaigning energies on issues, rather than encouraging voters to attend the poll.The voter isnt actually compelled to vote for anyone because voting is by secret ballot. Arguments Used Against Compulsory Voting Some suggest that it is undemocratic to force people to vote and is an infringement of liberty.The ignorant and those with little interest in politics are forced to the polls.It may increase the number of donkey votes (votes for a random candidate by people who feel that they are required to vote by law).It may increase the number of informal votes (ballot papers which are not marked according to the rules for voting).Resources must be allocated to determine whether those who failed to vote have valid and sufficient reasons. Source Compulsory Voting. Australian Electoral Commission, May 18, 2011.

Sales and Financing DB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sales and Financing DB - Essay Example As Jim’s company has recorded a high profit during the year, the tax will naturally increase at the end of the financial year. However the large purchase of inventory during the last week of December can reduce taxes as the total liabilities in the balance sheet will offset the profit earned during the year. It is perfectly legal, moral and ethical to do everything one can within the law to minimize one’s taxes as per the Tax laws. One of the most important aspects about tax reduction strategy is that a tax dollar deferred is a tax dollar saved. By legally delaying the payment of taxes until a later date, Jim can save money because he has the use of that money until he pays it to authorities next year. The taxation authorities allow one to write off all or a portion of the cost as an expense against one’s income in the current year. That will reduce the profits and thereby the tax liability on those profits. In a LIFO pattern, when one purchases inventory and how it is accounted for can affect one’s taxes. Any procedures undertaken within legal framework to reduce one’s taxes are considered perfectly ethical within the law, however manipulative they might seem otherwise. Hence Jim need not worry on this aspect and should go ahead with the end of financial year addition to his inventory. From the given facts it is clear that Lucy Shafer is running a successful dog-breeding business as she is thinking of expansion in the first place. The loan from her uncle seems quite liberal as she does not have to make any principal payments for five years which is a pretty long time and the business expansion, if successful, can easily help her to pay off the loan from her relative. Under these circumstances her decision not to disclose this information to the bank is a calculated risk which she can take. The effect of showing the loan as contributed capital will

Discuss whether producing and selling private labels could be a viable Essay

Discuss whether producing and selling private labels could be a viable strategy for manufacturers of branded products - Essay Example There has been a considerable debate in the management literature regarding the fact that whether manufacturing and selling of private brands is a viable marketing strategy or not. This paper tries to present a balanced view regarding the topic by understanding the reasons for each of the stance. The concept of private label branding has often been criticized by researchers as it is essentially copying of the original brand. The research conducted by Kumar and Steenkamp (2007) has shown that the private labels mainly copy the packaging and content of the manufacturer brands that involves minimal research and developmental costs. The research conducted by Mitchell and Kearney (2002) had shown that following the private branding strategy can create a number of legal hassles for the companies because of incidents like trademark infringement, misappropriation of profits of original brand owners. The research conducted by J. Fernie, S. Fernie and Moore (2003) has shown that national brand manufacturers often decides to produce private labels because they can accrue efficiency gain from the process and eventually the manufacturers are able to produce products of superior quality at a lower cost or similar quality products at the same cost of production. The market strategy often t urns viable because the negotiation power of the retailers increase dusring the process. The research conducted by Bergà ¨s-Sennou, Bontems and Rà ©quillart (2004) has shown that national brand manufacturers often consider the strategy of producing the private labels beneficial if they find the concentration of the retail market share favourable. The synthesis of the current literature shows that the viability of production of private label depends on difference between the national brand produced by the manufacturers and the private brands produced by them. Producing private brands by national brand manufacturers will not be a